Түлхүүр үг: Үндсэн бүтцийн сургаал, үндсэн эрх, төрийн албан ёсны хэл, хүний эрх, эрх чөлөө, тэгш эрх.
Abstract:This article presents a comparative analysis of the Constitutions of Mongolia (1992) and the Republic of India (1950), focusing on their structural features, historical development, forms of government, presidency, judicial frameworks, administrative organization at central and local levels, constitutional amendment procedures, the status of official languages, and the application of India’s “Basic Structure Doctrine.” The Indian Constitution, recognized as one of the most detailed in the world, comprises 25 parts, 448 articles, 12 schedules, and several annexes. Upon its adoption in 1950, India was proclaimed a “SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC,” with significant amendments in 1976 reaffirming its commitment to a democratic order. The Constitution establishes a parliamentary system within a federal framework, firmly upholding democratic principles and fundamental rights through the inviolable "basic structure doctrine."
In contrast, the Constitution of Mongolia, consisting of 6 chapters and 70 articles, laid the groundwork for a democratic legal state during a period of major political and economic transformation. Although more concise, it has undergone over 40 amendments in 30 years to respond to national needs—while India has enacted over 100 amendments in 75 years—demonstrating dynamic constitutional development in both countries.
This comparative study highlights both convergences and divergences in constitutional design and implementation. It underscores the theoretical and practical value of cross-jurisdictional learning for enhancing legal systems, advancing constitutional reforms, and reinforcing the rule of law through shared legal insights among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.
Key word: basic structure doctrine, fundamental rights, official language of state, human right, freedom, еqual rights.
Key word: basic structure doctrine, fundamental rights, official language of state, human right, freedom, еqual rights.
Бүртгэлтэй бол нэвтрэх | Бүртгэлгүй бол бүртгүүлэх
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