Сүхбаатар Билэгт-Очир : Challenges with invoking the right to self-defense

Бүтээлийн нэр

Challenges with invoking the right to self-defense - analysis on Russia-Ukrainian conflict

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Тэмдэглэл

Энэхүү бүтээл нь 2023 оны 4 дүгээр сарын 29-ний өдөр Монгол Улсын Их Сургуулийн Хууль Зүйн Сургуульд болсон Хууль зүйн ухааны доктор, Онц бөгөөд бүрэн эрхт элчин Лүдэвдоржийн Хашбатын нэрэмжит Олон улсын эрх зүйн чиглэлээрх англи хэл дээрх оюутны эрдэм шинжилгээний илтгэлийн уралдаанд зориулж бичсэн болно.

Хэлбэр

Эрдэм шинжилгээний өгүүлэл

Салбар

Олон Улсын нийтийн эрх зүй

Бүтээлийн товч

This paper examines the legality of Russia's invocation of collective self-defense in the current conflict with Ukraine. Russia has claimed that it is acting in collective self-defense in response to Ukraine's aggressive actions towards ethnic Russians in the Donbass region. Using the appropriate legal tests, this paper evaluates the validity of Russia's claim. Specifically, it analyzes the threshold for invoking the right to collective self-defense under international law, as well as the types of threats that may justify such a response.

The paper also assesses whether Russia's use of force is proportional to the threat it faces and whether it has exhausted all peaceful means of resolving the conflict prior to resorting to forceful measures. Through this analysis, the paper concludes that while Russia's claim may or may not have a legitimate application of collective self-defense depending on the different views and interpretation of relevant international law.

This analysis does not seek to promote either parties to the conflict nor it encourages taking concrete sides in international conflicts without a legitimate legal basis as I am neutral in this matter.

Түлхүүр үг

Нэгдсэн үндэсний байгууллага, Олон Улсын Шүүх, улсын бүрэн эрх, улсын өөрийгөө хамгаалах эрх, олон улсын заншлын эрх зүй, дайн, Charter of the United Nations, International Court of Justice, self-defense, collective self-defense, customary international law, self-determination.

Бичигдсэн огноо

2023-04-24

Хуудсын тоо

Хэл

Англи

Бүтээл

Бүрэн эхээр нь үзэх

Байршуулсан огноо

2024-01-26

Товч мэдээлэл үзсэн

1064

Бүрэн эхээр нь үзсэн

Эшлэлийн тоо

Санал болгож буй эшлэлийн загвар

С.Билэгт-Очир “Challenges with invoking the right to self-defense - analysis on Russia-Ukrainian conflict” (2023), ... дахь/дэх тал. Legaldata-аас унших боломжтой: https://legaldata.mn/b/1870

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Бүтээлийг цуглуулгандaa нэмэхийн тулд нэвтэрсэн байх шаардлагатай.
Бүртгэлтэй бол нэвтрэх | Бүртгэлгүй бол бүртгүүлэх

Эшлэлүүд

1. Hugo Grotius, On the Law of War and Peace, 1625, p. 131

2. United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, 1945, Art. 51

3. Ibid, Art. 2(4)

4. International Court of Justice (ICJ), Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States) (Military and Paramilitary Activities Case), 1986, Judgement, para 195; ICJ, Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) (Armed Activities Case), 2005, Judgement, para 147.

5. Christine Gray, International Law and the Use of Force" (4th ed., 2018), The Use of Force in International Law; Tom Ruys, "The UNGA Definition of Aggression and Pre-emptive Self-Defense" (European Journal of International Law, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2009); Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 149

6. United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 3314, Definition of Aggression, Art. 3

7. ICJ, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion), 2004, para 139; Armed Activities case, para 146.

8. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 68

9. This phrase was inserted at an early stage of the drafting process of the provision and was copied without modification in subsequent American and Russian drafts. E.g., Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers (1945), pp. 683, 705, 813, 823–4.

10. Military and Paramilitary Activities Case, para 200. Remark: it could moreover be argued that the reporting requirement is admittedly not of a ‘fundamentally norm-creating character such as could be regarded as forming the basis of a general rule of law’,in the sense of the North Sea Continental Shelf case. ICJ, North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark and the Netherlands), Judgment, 1969, para 72.

11. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 74

12. Ibid

13. Military and Paramilitary Activities case, paras 195, 199, 211

14. Constantinou, The right of self-defense, p. 176; J. Verhoeven, Droit international public, p. 687–8.

15. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 85

16. Military and Paramilitary Activities case, paras 194, 237; ICJ, Oil Platforms case, paras 51, 73-7; ICJ, Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, Advisory opinion, 1996, paras 226-67.

17. Dinstein, War, aggression and self-defense, pp. 209–10

18. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 110; ICJ, Oil Platforms case, para 77.

19. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 92

20. E.g., UN Doc. S/PV.748, 30 October 1956, 4, 7 (Suez crisis); UN Doc. S/PV.749, 30 October 1956, 22, 29; UN Doc. S/PV.1106, 2 April 1964, 15 (UK raid against Harib Fort); UN Doc. S/PV.1107, 3 April 1964, 4, 5, 13;

21. On conducting a special military operation -Wikipedia

22. United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 24 February 2022 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, S/2022/154

23. United Nations General Assembly, Report of the Secretary-General, In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all, A/59/2005, para 124.

24. Ibid, para 125.

25. War, Aggression and Self-Defence | Higher Education from Cambridge

26. Russia’s “Special Military Operation” and the (Claimed) Right of Self-Defense -Lieber Institute West Point

27. Russia says Donbass separatists ask Putin for military help –DW –02/23/2022.

28. Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Articles 4(1), 11

29. Military and Paramilitary Activities case, para 246.

30. Ibid, paras 202-5, 251.

31. Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of State, 1933, Art. 1

32. ICJ, Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo, Advisory opinion, 2010, para 81.

33. Ibid, para 84.

34. United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 3314, Definition of Aggression, Art. 3

35. Книга пам'яті загиблих [Book of remembrance of the fallen]

36. Бірюков повідомив про загибель майже 3 тисяч бойовиків в районі Дебальцевого | Українська правда, 20th of February, 2015

37. Tom Ruys, 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice, 2010, p. 95

38. United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, Art. 33(1)

39. Russia did not refer to any arbitration or judicial body regarding its conflict.

40. Bengali, Shashank (18 February 2022), Russia-Ukraine Tensions: Citing U.S. Intelligence, Biden Says Putin Has Decided to Invade Ukraine -The New York Times

41. Russia’s “Special Military Operation” and the (Claimed) Right of Self-Defense -Lieber Institute West Point

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